COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MICROBIAL COMPOSITION OF ENTEROBIOCENOSIS IN VARIOUS SPECIES OF MIGRATING BIRDS IN OMSK REGION

УДК: 619:579.8:636.5 DOI: 10.31588/2413_4201_1883_1_265_75

Abstract

This article presents the results of a comparative analysis of intestinal microbial composition of various migratory bird species, identifying species features of microbiota formation. Between 2024 and 2025 years 183 samples (droppings and gastrointestinal tract swabs) were collected from 15 bird species in Omsk region and 207 microbial cultures were isolated. The dominance of representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae family was established (62.3%). The species specificity of microbial profiles were revealed: from a balanced community in mallard (equal proportions of Escherichia and Edwardsiella genera) to a specialized one with absolute dominance of Edwardsiella genus in the garganey. The greatest taxonomic diversity was recorded in white-fronted goose: Escherichia (38.1%), Staphylococcus (16.7%), Bacillus (14.3%) and Enterococcus (11.9%). The microbiome of greylag goose was represented by genera Hafnia (66.7%) and Escherichia (33.3%). Species analysis of seagull microbiome showed that Escherichia constituted the basis of the community in all species, but its proportion varied from 38.9% in the steppe gull to 66.7% in the gray gull. The obtained data substantiate the need for a species-specific approach when monitoring the circulation of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms and confirm the relevance of research within the framework of the "Unified Health" concept. The studied wild bird species, through their seasonal migrations, connect Omsk region with vast regions of Eurasia and Africa, creating pathways for the transcontinental transfer of potentially dangerous microorganisms. This work has practical significance for the development of regional veterinary and sanitary control programs and the assessment of environmental risks associated with the spread of pathogens through migratory birds.