OBTAINING AND USING PHOSPHOLIPIDS AS A STARTING MATERIAL FOR MANUFACTURING LIPOSOMAL DRUGS

УДК: 665.37.001.5 DOI: 10.31588/2413_4201_1883_1_265_54

Abstract

Traditional methods of extracting phospholipids require expensive materials such as sunflower oil, egg yolk and squid and fish roe. The yield of the final product remains low, not exceeding 7-10%. Furthermore, a significant amount of cholesterol is detected as an impurity in the product. To address this issue, the present research was conducted to expand the raw material base and utilize phospholipids as a starting material for creating liposomal drug formulations. To solve this problem, dead bees - an apicultural byproduct with a rich biochemical composition that provides comprehensive therapeutic and prophylactic effects - were used as a source of phospholipids. At the same time, the research demonstrated the effectiveness of using dead bees as a raw material for producing a phospholipid complex, a waste product of honey production. A comparative analysis with existing methods for producing phospholipid complexes revealed that the developed method increases the yield of the target product from the starting material. Furthermore, the research allowed us to refine a phospholipid production scheme that ensures an optimal phospholipid composition with the appropriate component ratio, which will subsequently enable the development of highly effective liposomal systems. The developed method for producing phospholipids offers several advantages: the combination of highly efficient preliminary dehydration of the main raw material of the bee product - dead bees - followed by acetone extraction at specific temperatures allows for a single extraction with simultaneous purification of the phospholipids from polypeptide impurities. At the same time, the conducted research reduced the duration of the extraction process through comprehensive experimental selection of the optimal solvent ratio of CHCl3, C2H6O and CH3COOH, temperature parameters and stirring speed. Importantly, the use of a nitrogen stream in the proposed method for producing phospholipids contributed to an increase in their technological yield.